Stud driver



Oct. 14, 1952 E. P. SAUNDERS 2,613,942

STUD DRIVER Filed Aug. 12, 194"! a yk va If INVENTOR- jr zos Pdaunars.

Patented Oct. 14, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE STUD DRIVER Enos P. Saunders, Berkley, Mich.

Application August 12, 1947, Serial No. 768,115

'7 Claims. 1

This invention relates to chucks and more particularly to chucks adapted to perform rotary driving and withdrawing operations such for example as the driving and withdrawing of studs.

The present invention contemplates the provision of an improved reversible chuck for driving and withdrawing studs or the like, which is extremely simple and economical of construction and durable and efiicient in operation.

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved chuck of the type employing work engaging roller elements which may be cammed into engagement with a stud or other part to be chucked, and which includes a generally tubular cage having an axially extending portion of reduced outside diameter in which roller retaining slots are formed by breaching or otherwise forming longitudinally extending grooves'in the inner Wall of the cage of a depth at least equal to the thickness of the cage at the portion of reduced diameter.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved chuck of the above mentioned type, the cage of which has a plurality of roller receiving slots which may be formed simultaneously by a single breaching operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved chuck of the above mentioned type, the cage of which has a thin walled portion having a plurality of slots opening radially therethrough, the opposite longitudinally extending walls of each of the slots being disposed in paralel planes, and the rollers of which are so proportioned relative to the thickness of the thin walled portion of the cage that the rollers may project through the slots into the bore of the cage to engage a part to be chucked, but may no fall through the slots into the bore.

It is also an object of the invention to provide an improved chuck of the above mentioned type including an external housing formed in two parts, one of which may be broached to simultaneously provide a plurality of cam surfaces internally thereof.

With the above as well as other, and in certain cases more detailed objects in view, a preferred but illustrative embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing throughout the several views of which corresponding reference characters designate corresponding parts, and wherein:

Figure 1 is a View in elevation of a chuck embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 2, taken substantially along the line 3--3 thereof; I

Fig. 4. is a broken sectional view of the struc ture illustrated in Fig. 2 taken substantially along the line 3-3 thereof;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the roller cage of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1-4; and

Fig. 6 is a broken view partially in elevation and partially in section of the cage illustrated in Fig. 5.

It will be appreciated from. a complete understanding of the invention that in a generic sense,

the improvements thereof may be embodied in chucks or work holding devices of widely differing types and sizes. In an illustrative but not in a limiting sense, the present improvements are herein disclosed as embodied in a stud driver adapted for use with a socket wrench or other suitable tool.

Referring to the drawing, the stud driver generally comprises an outer housing Ill having cam surfaces l2 formed on the interior thereof, a plurality of cylindrical rollers l4 disposed to engage these cam surfaces and a generally tubular cage is rotatably mounted in the housing [Band engaging the rollers M to control the movement thereof along the cam surfaces I2.

In accordance with the'present invention the housing H3 is formed in two parts, namely, abody member l8 and an operating ring 22. In the broader aspects of the invention, the body-member l8 may be formed either with a blind recess therein or with an aperture extending axially therethrough depending upon the dimensions of the part to be'chucked. In the preferred embodiment illustrated the body member I 8 has an axially extending blind bore 28 formed centrally of one end thereof, and the generally cylindrical operating ring 22 is disposed in abutting rela-' tion with the just mentioned one end of the body member l8 and has a centrally disposed bore-24 extending axially therethrough and in alignment with the blind bore 20.

Generically, the operating ring 22 may be operatively connected to the body member l8 in any suitable manner. Preferably and as shown, the ring 22 is driven through the body member IB by a pair of diametrically disposed driving.

keys 26 integrally formed on the operating ring 22 and received in a transverse keyway 28 formed in the body member l8. Also, in the broader aspects of the invention the body mem'- ber .lsrnay be driven in any suitable manner,

but in the preferred embodiment illustrated, it is provided with a reduced hexagonal nut portion 30 integrally formed thereon adapted for en gagement by a conventional wrench (not shown) It will be appreciated that the above described two piece construction of the housing l permits the cam surfaces l2 to be formed entirely within one piece thereof. In the preferred construction illustrated, the cam surfaces [2 are provided on the ring 22 and are preferably cylindrical in shape and formed simultaneously by a single through broaching operation. It will be appre- The cage l6 projects through the bore 24- of the operating ring 22 and into the blind bore 20 of the body member IS. At its outer end it has an annular flange 34 which engages the outer surface of the operating ring 22 to limit move-' ment of the cage axially inwardly. The cage is held against axial movement when in its assembled position, by a pin 36 mounted in the body member [8 and projecting into an annular groove 38 formed in the outer peripheral surface of the cage I6 in spaced relation to its inner end.

Adjacent the flange 34 the cage 16 has a thin walled portion 40 of substantially reduced outside diameter which i received in and surrounded by the operating ring 22. Three equally angularly spaced slots 46, which open radially through the thin walled portion 40 of the cage, are provided by forming longitudinally extending grooves 48 in the cage l6 equally angularly spaced about the wall of the bore 42 and of adepth greater than the thickness of the cage at the thin walled portion 40. These grooves 48 preferably extend throughout the entire length of the cage l6 and have substantially parallel side walls thereby facilitating the simultaneous forming of all of the grooves 48 by a single broaching operation. The width of these grooves is slightly less than the diameter of the rollers l4 thereby preventing the rollers from falling through the slots 46 into the bore 42 while permitting the rollers to project through the slots and into the bore 42 to engage a stud 44 or other part to be chucked, received therein.

The rollers 14 are normally urged to their radially innermost position by a spring ring 50 which surrounds the rollers I4 and is mounted in an annular groove 52 formed internally of the operating ring 22. It will be appreciated that the spring ring provides an initial frictional grip between the roller elements 14 and the stud 44, thereby facilitating the holding of the stud in the chuck preparatory to the actual driving operation.

From the foregoing it will be appreciated that rotation of the operating ring 22 in either direction relative to the cage IE will cause certain of the cam surfaces 12 to engage the rollers I4 and urge the latter radially inwardly to grip the stud 44. It will therefore be appreciated that the chuck of the present invention will be equally effective when rotated in either direction and therefore may be used for driving and withdrawing studs having either right or left-hand threads.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the chuck of the present invention the ability to form the cam surfaces l2 in the ring 22, and the slots 46 in the cage I5, by a through broaching operation results in a structure which not only may be manufactured with extreme accuracy, but one which may be manufactured much more cheaply than structures heretofore suggested.

While only one specific embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described in detail it will be readily appreciated that numerous modifications and changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A chuck comprising an operating member having a central cavity of uniform cross section extending axially therethrough and including inwardly presenting cam means extending 1ongitudinally thereof throughout the full axial extent of said member, a cage disposed in said cavity and having a bore therein adapted to receive a part to be chucked, said cage having an annular wall portion of substantially reduced thickness, said cage also having a plurality of grooves formed therein extending longitudinally thereof throughout the full axial extent of said cage and of a depth at least equal to and coextensive with the thickness of said annular wall portion whereby a plurality of slots opening radially through said cage are provided in said annular wall portion, a plurality of roller elements individual to said slots and proportioned to permit said rollers to project through said slots and into said bore to engage a part to be chucked but to prevent said rollers from passing through said slots into said bore, said cam means being effective upon rotation of said operating member relative to said cage to engage said roller elements and urge them radially inwardly to chuck said part.

2. A chuck comprising an operating member having a central cavity of uniform cross section extending axially therethrough and including inwardly presenting cam means extending longitudinally thereof throughout the full axial extent of said member, a generally tubular cage disposed in said cavity and having a portion of reduced outside diameter and a radially outwardly and axially extending groove formed in the inner Wall thereof extending longitudinally thereof throughout the full axial extent of said cage and, said groove being of a depth at least equal to the thickness of said cage at said portion of reduced outside diameter and thereby providing a slot extending radially through said cage at said portion, a roller element disposed within said cavity and adapted to engage said cam means on one side and to project through said slot and into the bore of said tubular cage to engage a part to be chucked on its opposite side, said groove and said roller element being so proportioned that the diameter of said roller element is greater than the width of said slot thereby preventing said roller element from falling through said slot and into said bore, said cam means being effective upon rotation of said operating member relative to said cage to engage said roller element and urge it radially inwardly to chuck said part.

3. A chuck comprising an operating member having a central cavity extending axially thereof and including inwardly presenting cam means, a cage having a bore therein adapted to receive a part to be chucked, said cage having an annular wall portion of substantially reduced thickness, said cage also having a plurality of axially extending grooves formed therein of a depth at least equal to and coextensive with the thickness of said annular wall portion whereby a plurality of slots opening radially through said cage are provided in said annular wall portion, the side walls of said grooves being disposed in substantially parallel planes, a plurality of roller elements individual to said slots and proportioned to permit said rollers to project through said slots and into said bore to engage a part to be chucked but to prevent said rollers from falling through said slots into said bore, said cam means being effective upon rotation of said operating member relative to said cage to engage said roller elements and urge them radially inwardly to chuck said part.

4. A chuck comprising an operating member having a central cavity extending axially thereof and including radially inwardly presenting cam means, a generally tubular cage having a portion of reduced outside diameter and a radially outwardly and axially extending groove formed in the inner wall thereof, said groove being of a depth at least equal to the thickness of said cage at said portion of reduced outside diameter and thereby providing a slot extending radially through said cage, the side walls of said groove being disposed in substantially parallel planes, a roller element disposed within said cavity and adapted to engage said cam means on one side and to project through said slot and into the bore of said tubular cage to engage a part to be chucked on its opposite side, and means for preventing said roller element from falling through said slot and into said bore, said cam means being effective upon rotation of said operating member relative to said cage to engage said roller element and urge it radially inwardly to chuck said part.

5. A chuck comprising a housing including a driving member and an operating member operatively connected for rotation as a unit, said operating member having a central cavity extending axially therethrough of uniform cross section throughout the axial extent of said operating member, said operating member including integrally formed inwardly presenting cam surfaces extending axially therethrough, a cage disposed in said cavity having a bore therein adapted to receive a part to be chucked, said cage having a slot, a roller element received within said cavity adapted to engage said cam means on one side and to project through said slot to engage a part to be chucked on the opposite side, said cam means being effective upon rotation of said housing relative to said cage to engage said roller element and move it radially inwardly to chuck said part.

6. A chuck comprising a housing including a driving member and an operating member operatively connected for rotation as a unit, said operating member having a central cavity extending axially therethrough of uniform cross section throughout the axial extent of said operating member, said operating member including integrally formed inwardly presenting cam surfaces extending axially therethrough, a cage having a bore therein adapted to receive a part to be chucked, said cage having an annular wall portion of substantially reduced thickness, said cage also having a plurality of axially extending grooves formed therein of a depth at least equal to and coextensive with the thickness of said annular wall portion whereby a plurality of slots opening radially through said cage are provided in said annular wall portion, a plurality of roller elements individual to said slots and proportioned to permit said rollers to project through said slots and into said bore to engage a part to be chucked but to prevent said rollers from passing through said slots into said bore, said cam means being efiective upon rotation of said operating member relative to said cage to engage said roller elements and move them radially inwardly to chuck said part.

7. A chuck comprising a housing including a driving member and an operating member operatively connected for rotation as a unit, said operating member having a central cavity extending axially therethrough of uniform cross section throughout the axial extent of said operating member, said operating member including integrally formed inwardly presenting cam surfaces extending axially therethrough, a cage having a bore therein adapted to receive a part to be chucked, said cage having an annular wall portion of substantially reduced thickness, said cage also having a plurality of grooves formed therein of a depth at least equal to the thickness of said annular wall portion whereby a plurality of slots opening radially through said cage are provided in said annular wall portion, the side walls of said grooves being disposed in substantially parallel I planes, a plurality of roller elements individual to said slots and proportioned to permit said rollers to project through said slots and into said bore to engage a part to be chucked but to prevent said rollers from passing through said slots into said bore, said cam means being efi'ective upon rotation of said operating member relative to said cage to engage said roller elements and move them radially inwardly to chuck said part.

ENOS P. SAUNDERS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

' UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 187,194 Mossberg Nov. 29, 1892 897,691 Watson Sept. 1, 1908 1,068,263 Monaghan July 22, 1913 1,898,726 Hess Feb. 21, 1933 2,105,788 Hess Jan. 18, 1938 2,267,863 Hickling Dec. 30, 1941 

